Imashini ikora imashini ifunga imashini itoneshwa ninganda ziciriritse n’ibiciriritse bitunganya ibiryo bitewe nubushobozi bwayo bwo gufunga, gukora neza, hamwe ningaruka nziza zo gufunga. Irakoreshwa kandi cyane mugukora imifuka yoroshye yo gupakira. Iyo hari ibibazo bijyanye nimbaraga zo gufunga impande, hagati, cyangwa hepfo mugihe cyo gukora imifuka ya firime ya pulasitike, iyi mashini irashobora gukoreshwa mukongera gufunga kugirango ihuze ibisabwa kugirango ubuziranenge bushyireho ubushyuhe.
Nyamara, nyuma yo gukoresha igihe kirekire, cyane cyane mugihe cyakazi cyangwa kiremereye, imashini ikunda kunanirwa mumashanyarazi na mashini. Muri byo harimo: gufunga nabi, imikorere yigihe gito yimashini, fuse ihuha mugitangira, amajwi "gutontoma" mugihe cyo gukora, ubushyuhe budashobora kugenzurwa, guhindura no kunama imifuka yarangiye aho ifunze, no kugaragara kwinshi cyangwa ibimenyetso bidasanzwe mugihe cyo gufunga icyuma. Hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bwo gukoresha, iyi ngingo isesengura impamvu zitera amakosa menshi asanzwe, itanga ibisubizo bihuye, ikanaganira ku kubungabunga imashini ifunga kashe, twizeye ko izafasha ibigo n'abantu ku giti cyabo bakoresha imashini.
1. Gufunga nabi
Gufunga nabi ni imwe mu makosa asanzwe yimashini ifunga. Hariho ibisobanuro bitatu byo gufunga nabi:
- Umufuka wapakira ntushobora gufungwa aho kashe.
- Nubwo umunwa wumufuka wafunzwe munsi yumuvuduko wicyuma gifunga, bizongera gucikamo kabiri cyangwa gukonjesha gato.
- Iyo ukora ikizamini cyo gukuramo hejuru yikimenyetso, kimwe cya kabiri cyumufuka gifunze neza mugihe ikindi gice gitandukanijwe. Ubwiza bwa kashe yumufuka wapakira buracyafite ibyangombwa kuko ibirimo birashobora gutemba byoroshye mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara iyo bikubiswe. Ibi bintu bikunze kubaho mugihe ibintu bitondekanye ari OPP cyangwa bisunitswe PE.
Impamvu zubwoko bwambere bwamakosa nizi zikurikira:
- Ubushyuhe budahagije bwo gufunga ubushyuhe. Mubihe bisanzwe, kumifuka ikomatanya hamwe na OPP nkibikoresho biri hamwe nuburebure bwa 80-90 mm, ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ubushyuhe bugomba kugera kuri 170-180 ℃. Ku mifuka ikomatanya hamwe na PE nkibikoresho byo gutondekanya hamwe nubunini bwa 85-100 mm, ubushyuhe bugomba kugenzurwa kuri 180-200 ℃. Igihe cyose umubyimba wuzuye wumufuka wiyongereye, ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ubushyuhe bugomba kwiyongera.
- Umuvuduko mwinshi-gufunga umuvuduko. Kudashobora gufunga igikapu nabyo bifitanye isano n'umuvuduko wimashini ifunga. Niba umuvuduko urihuta cyane, ikimenyetso cyo gufunga ntikizaba gifite umwanya uhagije wo gushyuha mbere yuko gishyikirizwa imashini ikonjesha hamwe na rukuruzi ikurura imiti yo gukonjesha, kandi mubisanzwe, ntishobora kuba yujuje ubuziranenge busabwa.
- Umuvuduko udakwiye wa gukonjesha gukanda reberi. Hariho uruziga rumwe rukonjesha rukuruzi ruzunguruka hejuru no hepfo, kandi umuvuduko uri hagati yazo ugomba kuba muke. Mugihe uhindura igitutu, komeza isoko.
- Ibibazo byubuziranenge hamwe na firime ifunga ubushyuhe. Kudashobora gufunga igikapu nabyo bifitanye isano nubwiza bwa firime ifunga ubushyuhe. Niba corona ivura ibikoresho bigize umurongo utaringanijwe kandi ntigire icyo ikora, kandi bibaye kumwanya wa kashe, ntabwo rwose izashobora gufunga igikapu. Ibi bintu ntibisanzwe, ariko nibimara kuba, ibicuruzwa bizavaho. Kubwibyo, mubikorwa byo gucapa amabara yo gupakira, inzira yo hasi igenzura inzira yo hejuru. Ibibazo byiza bimaze kuboneka, ibitera bigomba gusesengurwa no gukemurwa mugihe. Niba hari ubushuhe cyangwa umwanda aho bifunze, bizanatera kashe mbi. Muri make, kugirango ukemure ubwoko bwa mbere bwikibazo cyo gufunga nabi, ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ubushyuhe burashobora kwiyongera muburyo bukwiye, umuvuduko wo gufunga ubushyuhe urashobora kugabanuka, kandi umuvuduko wikiziga gikonjesha gikonjesha urashobora kwiyongera icyarimwe.
Impamvu zubwoko bwa kabiri bwikosa rya kashe ni nkibi bikurikira:
- Ubushyuhe budahagije bwo gufunga ubushyuhe. Ikibazo kirashobora gukemurwa no kongera ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ubushyuhe.
- Ubuso bwicyuma gifunga ubushyuhe ntabwo buringaniye. Icyuma gifunga ubushyuhe kigabanyijemo ibice byo hejuru no hepfo, kandi ubusanzwe thermocouple yashyizwemo kugirango yumve ihererekanyabubasha. Hano hari imigozi itatu ku cyuma gifunga ubushyuhe, umugozi wo hagati urashyigikira kandi ugashimangira icyuma, naho izindi ebyiri zombi zikaba zifite amasoko y’umuvuduko nogeshe, zikoreshwa cyane muguhindura umuvuduko wicyuma gifunga ubushyuhe. Icyuma cyo hejuru no hepfo buri kimwe gifite amasoko abiri. Impamvu nyamukuru yubuso butaringaniye bwicyuma gifunga ubushyuhe ni uko umugozi wo hagati udashyirwaho mu buryo butambitse cyangwa igitutu cyumuvuduko wumuvuduko wicyuma cyo hejuru cyo gufunga ubushyuhe ntiburinganiye.
- Igisubizo nugukosora imyanya ya screw yo hagati kugirango itambike. Niba ibyuma byo hejuru no hepfo bifunga ubushyuhe buringaniye, birashobora kugerwaho muguhindura isoko yumuvuduko kurwego ruciriritse. Iyo amasoko asunitswe hanze, icyuma gifunga ubushyuhe kizagwa hasi. Iyo amasoko yicyuma cyo hepfo akomejwe hejuru, icyuma gifunga ubushyuhe kizamuka hejuru.
- Umuvuduko utaringaniye wo gukonjesha gukanda reberi. Umuvuduko utaringaniye wa gukonjesha gukanda reberi nayo izatera ubu bwoko bwikosa ridafunze, kandi igisubizo gisa nikibazo cya mbere.
Impamvu zubwoko bwa gatatu bwikosa ridahwitse nizi zikurikira:
- Umuvuduko utaringaniye wicyuma gifunga ubushyuhe cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha. Guhindura icyuma gifunga ubushyuhe hamwe nicyuma gikonjesha ni kimwe.
- Ubuso bwicyuma gifunga ubushyuhe ntabwo buringaniye. Reba igisubizo gikwiranye nubwoko bwa kabiri bwikosa ridakuka.
2. Gukubita Fuse
Moteri nyamukuru yimashini ifunga imashini ya plastike niyo moteri ya mbere yo murugo AC ifite agasanduku keza ka aluminiyumu yuzuye yinyo, cyane cyane itwara gare nogukwirakwiza ibikoresho bya buri kintu. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo imashini ifunga kashe itangiye, izakora amajwi "avuza induru", ntishobora gukora mubisanzwe, ndetse na fuse kumurongo winsinga bizaturika.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, banza ugenzure niba amashanyarazi ari ibisanzwe, hanyuma uhagarike amashanyarazi, koresha intera irwanya niba wangiritse niba wangiritse, hanyuma urebe neza niba umuzunguruko na moteri ari bike. Mubisanzwe, iyo moteri izengurutswe mugihe gito, guhinduranya birashya cyangwa insinga iracika, fuse izaturika mugihe imashini ifunga ikimara gutangira. Indi mpamvu yaya makosa nuko ibisobanuro bya fuse ari bito cyane. Kongera ibisobanuro byayo birashobora gukemura ikibazo.
3. "Kunyeganyega" Ijwi mugihe cyo gukora
Iri kosa ribaho mugihe cyo gukora imashini ifunga kashe. Ijwi "gutontoma" rikunze kubaho gitunguranye, rigakurikirwa n'umuvuduko udasanzwe wo gufunga, ibyo bikaba bitera imiterere mibi mugushira ikimenyetso kumufuka wapakiye, bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa. Rimwe na rimwe, irashobora gukora bisanzwe, ariko ntibiteganijwe.
Iyi phenomenon ahanini iterwa no kwangirika kwimashini cyangwa kwambara cyane, hamwe no gusiga nabi. Igisubizo nukuvanga ubwoko bumwe bwamavuta ya moteri hamwe namavuta yo gusiga hanyuma ukayongera kuri garebox, hanyuma komeza imigozi kugirango uyisubize. Nyuma yo gutangira imashini, ijwi "gutontoma" rirazimira kandi kashe isubira mubisanzwe.
Byongeye kandi, niba umukandara wo hejuru wubushyuhe urekuye, wambaye cyane, kandi ntusukure hamwe numwanda hejuru, kandi ntushobora guhuza uruziga rukurura mugihe gikora, bizanakora ijwi "gutontoma". Igisubizo nugusimbuza umukandara wo hejuru-ubushyuhe hamwe nibisobanuro bimwe. Hariho ubuhanga runaka bwo gusimbuza umukandara wo hejuru. Banza, shyiramo uruziga rw'umuvuduko ukomoka ku ntoki, hanyuma ushyire impera imwe y'umukandara wo hejuru cyane ku ruziga rwa reberi, hanyuma ufate urundi ruhande urwanya urundi ruziga ukoresheje intoki. Shiraho umuvuduko wihuta kumuvuduko muke. Bimaze gutangira, wishingikirije kuri inertia yimikorere, umukandara wubushyuhe bwo hejuru uzahita ushyirwaho.
Rimwe na rimwe, ijwi "gutontoma" naryo risohoka na moteri ya DC shunt. Bishobora guterwa no kubura amavuta muri moteri. Niba aribyo, moteri igomba gusenywa no gusiga amavuta, kandi ijwi rikazimira.
4. Gutakaza Ikimenyetso cyo Kugenzura Ubushyuhe
Iri kosa rirangwa no gukora nabi igipimo cy'ubushyuhe, kutabasha kugenzura ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe budahwitse bwo gufunga ubushyuhe, kandi aho kashe iba yaka cyangwa ifunze nabi, hamwe na kashe yahinduwe kandi idashimishije. Impamvu nyamukuru yaya makosa nuko therometero yamenetse kandi igomba gusanwa. Mubyongeyeho, thermocouple nayo irashobora gucika kandi mubisanzwe ntishobora kohereza ubushyuhe bwimbitse kuri termometero. Kubisimbuza ubwoko bumwe nibisobanuro bya thermocouple birashobora gukemura ikibazo.
Duhereye ku buryo bwa mehaniki, impamvu nuko umuvuduko wo gufunga ubushyuhe utaringaniye. Igihe cyose igitutu cyumuvuduko wicyuma gifunga ubushyuhe cyahinduwe kugirango igitutu gihamye, ikibazo kirashobora gukemuka. Muri icyo gihe, ubuso bwo guhuza icyuma gifunga ubushyuhe bugomba guhorana isuku kandi nta mwanda.
Indi mpamvu nuko ubwiza bwo gufunga ubushyuhe bwibintu byose ubwabyo atari byiza, kandi coefficient de coiffe yubushyuhe ihinduka, bigatuma ubushyuhe bushobora kwihanganira budahuye.
5. Gukora rimwe na rimwe Imashini Ikidodo
Twahuye nikosa ryimikorere yigihe kimwe numuvuduko udahuye wimashini ifunga mugihe cyo gukora. Nyuma yo gusenya ikibaho inyuma yimashini ifunga kashe, byagaragaye ko isano iri hagati ya moteri ya moteri na garebox yacitse kandi itandukanijwe. Kongera kwizirika imigozi kugirango bikore neza byakemuye neza ikibazo. Mubyongeyeho, moteri nyamukuru ikora binyuze muguhuza na karubone. Niba ibishishwa bya karubone byambarwa cyane, ntugahuze byuzuye nimpeta zinyerera, cyangwa ufite ubushyamirane buke, imashini ifunga nayo izakora rimwe na rimwe. Gusimbuza karubone ya karubone nubwoko bumwe bushya bizakemura ikibazo.
6. Ibibyimba nibimenyetso bidasanzwe kuri kashe
Aya makosa nayo arasanzwe. Nubwo bidatera kumeneka kubipfunyika, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yububiko no kwangiza ishusho yibicuruzwa.
Impamvu nyamukuru zitera aya makosa nizi zikurikira:
- Nyuma yo gukoresha igihe kirekire ibikoresho, umukungugu na shitingi ya pulasitike nindi myanda yumira kumukandara wubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma umukandara utaringaniza kandi udasanzwe. Ibi bivamo ubushyuhe butaringaniye kuri kashe. Nyuma yo gukanda ukoresheje gukonjesha gukanda, ibibyimba biragaragara. Gusukura cyangwa gusimbuza umukandara wo hejuru urashobora gukuraho amakosa. Umukandara w'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru muri rusange ufite cm 1.5 z'ubugari n'ubugari bwa 22 mm. Niba bidashoboka rwose koza umwanda, ugomba gusibwa.
. Kugirango umenye neza ubwiza bwumufuka wapakiye, nibyiza gusimbuza imashini ikonjesha.
7. Ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho mukubungabunga ibikoresho
- Imashini ifunga kashe igomba gushyirwa ahantu hahumeka kandi humye, hamwe nubushyuhe bwicyumba bugumaho hafi 25 ℃.
- Nyuma yamasaha 48 yo gukora imashini ifunga kashe, amavuta ya moteri 6 # agomba kongerwaho kuri buri gice cyimuka, cyane cyane kuri gare, ibyuma, na garebox.
- Gukuraho ivumbi buri gihe bigomba gukorwa kugirango imashini yose isukure. Iyo bidakoreshejwe, nibyiza gucomeka amashanyarazi hanyuma ukayapfundikira igifuniko.
- Niba igihe cyo gukora ari kirekire cyane, umuyaga ukonjesha ugomba gufungura mbere yo kuzimya imashini. Tegereza kugeza ubushyuhe bugabanutse mbere yo kuzimya imashini. Kuberako iyo ufunze imashini udakonje, umukandara wo hejuru biroroshye cyane kwangirika.
- Umukandara wubushyuhe bwo hejuru ugomba guhora usukuye umwanda kugirango ubuziranenge bwa kashe.
- Ibice byambarwa cyane bigomba gusimburwa mugihe cyo kongera ubuzima bwimashini yose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-26-2025